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[Insaan]

Slms sheikh,
2 years ago, in the holy month unfortunately i missed one fast deliberately. I paid back the 31 fasts consecutively before the next Ramadhan. However, i have still not completed the 29. I assume they can be fasted anytime, however i am now confused. Were the 29 due to be fasted before the next Ramadhan? if yes, since i have not done so and its been 2 years. What is the Kaffara?

[KamranAli]

If a person intentionally does not keep the fast of Ramadan, then:

1) Qadha: He must make them up before the next Ramadhan and in the event that he does not make them up until the next Ramadan, then based on obligatory precaution he must also give one mudd (750 grams) of food as kaffārah for each fast.

2) Kaffara: For each missed fast he must fast for two months, or give food to sixty poor people, or free one slave.

According to Ayatullah Sistani: A person who wants to fast for two months as a kaffara, must fast consecutive one month and one day (one full month and one day from another month) and if he can not do the rest of the fasts consecutively due to 'Uzr 'Urfi (an excuse that may be considered acceptable by the general society), then there is no problem; But if he does not have a 'Uzr 'Urfi, as per obligatory precaution he should fast all the 60 fasts consecutively.

Let's come back to your case that you fasted 31 days consecutively, now if you had 'Uzr 'Urfi then you can fast the rest 29 fasts but if you did not have any 'Uzr 'Urfi then in this case: you must start fasting 60 days from beginning or you can refer (since Ayatullah Sistani has put Ihtiat) to Fal 'alam who has issued fatwa that only 31 days of fasting should be consecutive. Just for your information, according to Ayatullah Khamenei, Ayatullah Waheed Khurasani and Ayatullah Makarim Shirazi only first 31 days of fasting should be consecutive.
There is no penalty for the delay in keeping the Kaffara fasts. However, the Qadha fasts must be kept before the arrival of next Ramdhan or there will a penalty of one mudd for each Qadha Fast.